The group reunited in 2007 and, after ten years of label conflicts, returned with the third studio album, Planet Crucon, released in 2008 via Buckwild Records.[3][4] Crucial Conflict were one of the overseas artists featured on Bulgarian rapper Big Sha's Хляб и амфети album, alone with Drag-On.
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Crucial Conflict The Final Tic R
This primer focuses on a recently diagnosed tick-borne allergic disease known as the alpha-Gal syndrome (AGS). Tick bites induce in humans high levels of IgE antibodies against the carbohydrate Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal) present on tick salivary glycoproteins and tissues of non-catarrhine mammals, leading to the AGS in some individuals. This immune response evolved as a conflict and cooperation between ticks and human hosts including their gut microbiota. The conflict is characterized by the AGS that mediate delayed anaphylaxis to red meat consumption and certain drugs such as cetuximab, and immediate anaphylaxis to tick bites. The cooperation is supported by the capacity of anti-α-Gal IgM and IgG antibody response to protect against pathogens with α-Gal on their surface. Despite the growing diagnosis of AGS in all world continents, many questions remain to be elucidated on the tick proteins and immune mechanisms triggering this syndrome, and the protective response against pathogen infection elicited by anti-α-Gal antibodies. The answer to these questions will provide information for the evaluation of risks, diagnosis and prevention of the AGS, and the possibility of using the carbohydrate α-Gal to develop vaccines for the control of major infectious diseases.
Tick-host-pathogen interactions evolved as a conflict and cooperation [45]. In this context, the AGS evolved as a trade-off to benefit humans by providing immunity to pathogens containing α-Gal while increasing the risks to develop this syndrome [12, 39] (Additional file 1: Figure S1).
Some of the major infectious diseases worldwide are caused by pathogens such as Plasmodium, Mycobacterium, Trypanosoma, Borrelia and Leishmania species with a common characteristic of having α-Gal on their surface [39, 46,47,48,49,50,51,52]. As proposed for viruses with envelope-exposed α-Gal as the major evolutionary driver for the lack of functional GalT for α-Gal synthesis in humans, the possibility of developing protective antibodies against this carbohydrate resulted in an effective protection against pathogens with α-Gal [12]. This evolutionary advantage of humans relays on anti-α-Gal IgM and IgG antibodies produced in response to gut bacterial microbiota, tick infestations and/or pathogen infection with a protective effect against some infectious diseases [46,47,48,49,50,51,52]. However, this evolutionary cooperation between ticks and humans also leads to the conflict of increasing the risks for developing AGS in response to tick bites.
As previously proposed, we may benefit from this tick-host conflict and cooperation [46, 47] (Additional file 1: Figure S1). Gut bacteria with high α-Gal content selected from individuals with protective immune response against pathogens with α-Gal could be used to develop a probiotic-based easy to administer and low-cost vaccine that could by administered by different routes alone or in combination with α-Gal-containing tick proteins to provide protection against multiple pathogens causing major infectious diseases worldwide [46, 47]. If proven true, this would be a major advance in the control of infectious diseases affecting populations in different parts of the world.
JF conceived the primer focus and outline. JF, IP, MV and AC-C contributed to the design of the poster and editing of the manuscript. AC-C contributed images for the figures in the poster. JF and IP prepared the poster. JF and AC-C wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Russia's invasion of Ukraine has unleashed a flood of misleading and false material on TikTok. The popular app used by more than 1 billion people has been amplifying videos portraying old conflicts, scenes from movies and even video game battles as if showing on-the-ground live footage.
In times of crisis, social media platforms are always struggling to stay ahead of misinformation and make round-the-clock calls on when a viral post should be removed. But the flurry of conflict-themed footage now on TikTok has overwhelmed the platform in new ways, sending countless fake or videos framed as if depicting the war in Ukraine to millions of viewers.
"Though it's crucial that the public remain informed of such high-stakes situations, it seems that the platform's design is incompatible with the needs of the current moment," wrote independent researcher Abbie Richards who works with the liberal watchdog group Media Matters.
"They haven't necessarily experienced a geopolitical conflict on this scale, and TikTok is where a lot of people, especially younger people, are going for their news and for their information and for their outlook on the world," she said.
"This is the first time TikTok has really been central in a conflict situation of this scale," said Sam Gregory, the program director of Witness, a nonprofit focused on the ethical use of video in humanitarian crises.
Audio of gunfire uploaded from before the war started was used in more than 1,700 videos before it was removed, often featuring shaky camera footage to give the impression that it was capturing a conflict, according to Media Matters. The group also found that a video featuring audio from a 2020 explosion in Beirut was watched more than 6 million times in just 12 hours.
TikTok spokeswoman Hilary McQuaide said the company has ramped up efforts to catch misleading war-related videos since the conflict broke out. She said TikTok teams up with independent fact-checkers to help root out out inauthentic and unsafe content. She said those efforts have been newly energized in the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
Gregory said TikTok has the potential to make humanitarian crises and wars more vivid and tangible to a massive audience who may not have otherwise engaged at all, but time spent watching fake videos of war does little to add to a person's understanding of a conflict.
Intuitive models of evolution based on soft inheritance are one-step models of adaptation: Traits are modified in one generation and appear in their altered form in the next. This is in conflict with the actual two-step process of adaptation involving the independent processes of mutation and natural selection. Unfortunately, many students who eschew soft inheritance nevertheless fail to distinguish natural selection from the origin of new variation (e.g., Greene 1990; Creedy 1993; Moore et al. 2002). Whereas an accurate understanding recognizes that most new mutations are neutral or harmful in a given environment, such naïve interpretations assume that mutations occur as a response to environmental challenges and therefore are always beneficial (Fig. 2). For example, many students may believe that exposure to antibiotics directly causes bacteria to become resistant, rather than simply changing the relative frequencies of resistant versus non-resistant individuals by killing off the latterFootnote 13. Again, natural selection itself does not create new variation, it merely influences the proportion of existing variants. Most forms of selection reduce the amount of genetic variation within populations, which may be counteracted by the continual emergence of new variation via undirected mutation and recombination.
As the final hold-out after the other jurors are able to put reasonable doubt into every witness's testimony, Juror 3 acts as if he alone is going to hang the jury in order to be right, but as he stands alone without an argument, he finally concedes and votes not guilty.
We coded passages of articles on inpatient and residential youth trauma informed care initiatives that related to contexts, mechanisms of action, and outcomes, analyzing patterns in the data related to the program theory articulated in Fig. 2. We also annotated passages of text which disconfirmed our theory or which mentioned important elements of implementation which fell outside these categories. Our ultimate goal was to test and refine our program theory, which insinuates a somewhat stepwise progression from: (1) including community in the trauma informed care initiative; (2) supporting leadership commitment to TIC; (3) selecting a TIC model, intervention, or approach; (4) transforming the workforce through hiring the right people, training them, coaching them, and providing them ongoing supervision; (5) promoting an outcome orientation by collecting and regularly sharing TIC outcomes and by improving outcomes through plan, do, study, act cycles (PDSA); and finally (6) concretizing TIC structurally and thus ensuring its continued shared maintenance.
After extracting and systematically analyzing data, we observed five main factors in our analysis of cross-site TIC implementation: (1) the critical importance of senior leaders prioritizing TIC [21, 40, 42, 44, 46, 47], especially as staff adjust to new ways of working; (2) the necessity of supporting staff by delivering advanced training on the neurobiology and behavioral sequelae of trauma and providing ongoing supervision, coaching, and debriefing of seclusions, restraints, and patient/staff injuries [20, 34, 40,41,42,43, 45,46,47, 49]; (3) the power of listening to patients and families about their experiences, needs, and priorities in the treatment process [21, 42, 47, 48]; (4) the importance of reviewing data and outcome indicators to motivate continued improvement [20, 40, 44,45,46, 48]; and finally, (5) the need to align policy and practice, formal and informal, with the overarching principles of trauma informed practice [21, 40, 44,45,46, 48]. After describing these five factors in greater detail below, we discuss our original implementation-science informed TIC program theory model and suggest changes to the theory based on this review. 2ff7e9595c
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